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background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] β-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in β-Galactopyranosides. In microbiology and molecular biology, the lacZ gene from E. coli (encoding β-Galactosidase) serves as a reporter gene as the hydrolysis of X-Gal (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) produces a blue, water-insoluble indigo dye. Like this, the temporal expression of genes can be analyzed. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

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transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text admin_label="" awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] A PolyA stretch is a sequence consisting of consecutive adenins and can vary in length. In eucaryotic cells, mRNA molecules are polyadenylated post-transcriptionally to enhance mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Having the polyA tail encoded in the plasmid, facilitates template production and gene expression in the eukaryotic host cell. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

Vector plasmid (for AAV production)

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background_blend_mode="none" background_slider_images="" background_slider_position="" background_slider_skip_lazy_loading="no" background_slider_random_order="no" background_slider_loop="yes" background_slider_pause_on_hover="no" background_slider_slideshow_speed="5000" background_slider_animation="fade" background_slider_direction="up" background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="false" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_global id="7131"][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_2" layout="1_2" admin_label="" align_self="center" content_layout="column" 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padding_top_small="" padding_right_small="" padding_bottom_small="" padding_left_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" hover_type="none" border_sizes_top="" border_sizes_right="" border_sizes_bottom="" border_sizes_left="" border_color_hover="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_radius_top_left="" border_radius_top_right="" border_radius_bottom_right="" border_radius_bottom_left="" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_vertical="" box_shadow_horizontal="" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" z_index_hover="" z_index="" overflow="" background_type="single" background_color_medium="" background_color_small="" background_color_medium_hover="" background_color_small_hover="" background_color_hover="" background_color="" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_image_medium="" background_image_small="" background_image="" background_image_id_medium="" background_image_id_small="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="avada" skip_lazy_load="" background_position_medium="" background_position_small="" background_position="left top" background_repeat_medium="" background_repeat_small="" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_size_medium="" background_size_small="" background_size="" background_custom_size="" background_custom_size_medium="" background_custom_size_small="" background_blend_mode_medium="" background_blend_mode_small="" background_blend_mode="none" background_slider_images="" background_slider_position="" background_slider_skip_lazy_loading="no" background_slider_random_order="no" background_slider_loop="yes" background_slider_pause_on_hover="no" background_slider_slideshow_speed="5000" background_slider_animation="fade" background_slider_direction="up" background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text admin_label="" awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] The vector plasmid carries the transgene that is meant to be transferred to the target cell flanked by ITRs. It is one of the components needed to produce AAVs. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

[fusion_builder_container admin_label="" type="flex" hundred_percent="no" hundred_percent_height="no" min_height_medium="" min_height_small="" min_height="" hundred_percent_height_scroll="no" align_content="stretch" flex_align_items="center" flex_justify_content="space-between" flex_wrap_medium="" flex_wrap_small="" flex_wrap="wrap" flex_column_spacing="100px" hundred_percent_height_center_content="yes" equal_height_columns="no" container_tag="div" menu_anchor="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" status="published" publish_date="" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" margin_top_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_top_medium="" padding_right_medium="" padding_bottom_medium="" padding_left_medium="" padding_top_small="" padding_right_small="" padding_bottom_small="" padding_left_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" link_hover_color="" 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pattern_bg_blend_mode="normal" mask_bg="none" mask_custom_bg="" mask_bg_color="" mask_bg_accent_color="" mask_bg_style="default" mask_bg_opacity="100" mask_bg_transform="left" mask_bg_blend_mode="normal" render_logics="" logics="" absolute="off" absolute_devices="small,medium,large" position_top_medium="" position_right_medium="" position_bottom_medium="" position_left_medium="" position_top_small="" position_right_small="" position_bottom_small="" position_left_small="" position_top="" position_right="" position_bottom="" position_left="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_background_color="" sticky_height="" sticky_offset="" sticky_transition_offset="0" scroll_offset="0" content_visibility="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" 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order_medium="0" order_small="0" spacing_left_medium="" spacing_right_medium="" spacing_left_small="" spacing_right_small="" spacing_left="" spacing_right="" margin_top_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_top_medium="" padding_right_medium="" padding_bottom_medium="" padding_left_medium="" padding_top_small="" padding_right_small="" padding_bottom_small="" padding_left_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" hover_type="none" border_sizes_top="" border_sizes_right="" border_sizes_bottom="" border_sizes_left="" border_color_hover="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_radius_top_left="" border_radius_top_right="" border_radius_bottom_right="" border_radius_bottom_left="" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_vertical="" box_shadow_horizontal="" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" 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background_blend_mode="none" background_slider_images="" background_slider_position="" background_slider_skip_lazy_loading="no" background_slider_random_order="no" background_slider_loop="yes" background_slider_pause_on_hover="no" background_slider_slideshow_speed="5000" background_slider_animation="fade" background_slider_direction="up" background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_global id="7131"][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type="1_2" layout="4_5" admin_label="" align_self="center" content_layout="column" align_content="center" 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padding_right_small="" padding_bottom_small="" padding_left_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" hover_type="none" border_sizes_top="" border_sizes_right="" border_sizes_bottom="" border_sizes_left="" border_color_hover="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_radius_top_left="" border_radius_top_right="" border_radius_bottom_right="" border_radius_bottom_left="" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_vertical="" box_shadow_horizontal="" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" z_index_hover="" z_index="" overflow="" background_type="single" background_color_medium="" background_color_small="" background_color_medium_hover="" background_color_small_hover="" background_color_hover="" background_color="" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_image_medium="" background_image_small="" background_image="" background_image_id_medium="" background_image_id_small="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="avada" skip_lazy_load="" background_position_medium="" background_position_small="" background_position="left top" background_repeat_medium="" background_repeat_small="" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_size_medium="" background_size_small="" background_size="" background_custom_size="" background_custom_size_medium="" background_custom_size_small="" background_blend_mode_medium="" background_blend_mode_small="" background_blend_mode="none" background_slider_images="" background_slider_position="" background_slider_skip_lazy_loading="no" background_slider_random_order="no" background_slider_loop="yes" background_slider_pause_on_hover="no" background_slider_slideshow_speed="5000" background_slider_animation="fade" background_slider_direction="up" background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] A transgene is a segment of DNA containing a gene sequence that has been isolated from one organism and introduced into a different host organism. This non-native DNA segment may either retain the ability to produce RNA or protein in the transgenic organism or modify the normal function of the recipient organism’s genetic code. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

Special quality features

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center" linear_angle="180" background_image_medium="" background_image_small="" background_image="" background_image_id_medium="" background_image_id_small="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="avada" skip_lazy_load="" background_position_medium="" background_position_small="" background_position="left top" background_repeat_medium="" background_repeat_small="" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_size_medium="" background_size_small="" background_size="" background_custom_size="" background_custom_size_medium="" background_custom_size_small="" background_blend_mode_medium="" background_blend_mode_small="" background_blend_mode="none" background_slider_images="" background_slider_position="" background_slider_skip_lazy_loading="no" background_slider_random_order="no" background_slider_loop="yes" background_slider_pause_on_hover="no" background_slider_slideshow_speed="5000" background_slider_animation="fade" background_slider_direction="up" background_slider_animation_speed="800" background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] PlasmidFactory has developed a special production process for plasmid DNA (CCC classic grade) which includes the exclusive use of raw materials according to EMA/410/01 rev.3, 2011/C 73/01 (TSE/BSE certificate). Avoiding use of animal-based substances is of importance for clinical applications, since these substances may pose a safety risk. In addition, the use of enzymes is avoided completely during the manufacturing process by removing the RNA chromatographically. At PlasmidFactory, E. coli cultures to amplify plasmid DNA are always carried out in a fermenter and under controlled conditions, because it is not possible to guarantee the reproducibility of the produced biomass when shake flasks are used. The quality of the product is constantly monitored and documented. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

[fusion_builder_container admin_label="" type="flex" hundred_percent="no" hundred_percent_height="no" min_height_medium="" min_height_small="" min_height="" hundred_percent_height_scroll="no" align_content="stretch" flex_align_items="center" flex_justify_content="space-between" flex_wrap_medium="" flex_wrap_small="" flex_wrap="wrap" flex_column_spacing="100px" hundred_percent_height_center_content="yes" equal_height_columns="no" container_tag="div" menu_anchor="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" status="published" publish_date="" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" margin_top_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_top_medium="" padding_right_medium="" padding_bottom_medium="" padding_left_medium="" padding_top_small="" padding_right_small="" padding_bottom_small="" padding_left_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" link_hover_color="" 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pattern_bg_blend_mode="normal" mask_bg="none" mask_custom_bg="" mask_bg_color="" mask_bg_accent_color="" mask_bg_style="default" mask_bg_opacity="100" mask_bg_transform="left" mask_bg_blend_mode="normal" render_logics="" logics="" absolute="off" absolute_devices="small,medium,large" position_top_medium="" position_right_medium="" position_bottom_medium="" position_left_medium="" position_top_small="" position_right_small="" position_bottom_small="" position_left_small="" position_top="" position_right="" position_bottom="" position_left="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_background_color="" sticky_height="" sticky_offset="" sticky_transition_offset="0" scroll_offset="0" content_visibility="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" 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transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] The sequence for chromatography, affinity and recombination is the sequence inevitably remains from the intramolecular recombination during minicircle production in E. coli and is not part of the GOI. 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background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] S/MAR elements (scaffold/matrix attachment regions) are anchor sequences by means of which independently regulatable chromatin domains are linked to the protein skeleton of the nucleus. In addition to support of transcription and protection of (foreign) genetic information against inactivation, a special feature of these S/MAR elements has gained particular importance in the production of highly efficient plasmid DNA: Plasmids which comprise, in addition to the (e.g. therapeutically) effective gene, an S/MAR-element inserted at a defined location are replicated episomally and passed on as independent units to the daughter cells of the eukaryotic target cell. In other words, the plasmid is maintained as an episome for many generations, even in the absence of selection pressure, and will be stably expressed as an autonomous genetic unit without integrating. By now, the anchor sequence has been successfully reduced to a minimal motive of about 70 base pairs without significant reduction of the stable propagation to the daughter cells. Corresponding plasmids and minicircles with S/MAR elements for stable gene expression are known, e.g. as the pEPI or pEpito families, and marketed by PlasmidFactory on the basis of corresponding licensing agreements. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

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transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] Retropackaging occurs during AAV production in HEK cells when sequences are inadvertently packed into an AAV particle that are not located between the ITRs, but outside such as bacterial backbone sequences. This is not intentional and bears certain risks, e.g. increased immunogenicity. The risk of retropackaging can be greatly reduced by using minicircles for the production of AAVs. These do not carry any backbone sequences but only the GOI and a short SCAR sequence. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

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transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="no" border_position="all"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] Plasmids can assume various conformations (see figure below): Intact plasmids are covalently closed circular (ccc-form) and negatively supercoiled. Single strand breaks due to enzymatic activity or mechanical stress lead to a relaxation of the DNA molecule. The resulting form is the so called open circular (oc) topology. Restriction endonucleases digest the DNA at certain positions resulting in the linear form. Moreover, mistakes in the cellular replication procedure and homologous replication lead to multimeric plasmid forms. These multimers are e. g. concatemers of two or more monomer forms, where also ccc, oc and linear forms can be observed. The only reliably active conformation is ccc. The different topologies can be visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with subsequent staining of the DNA bands using a fluorescent dye. However, the identification of the respective bands is difficult because the mobility of the different structures changes during the electrophoretical procedure. For most plasmids the ccc monomer is the fastest moving form. The oc monomer and ccc dimer very often appear as one band and cannot be distinguished by AGE. Here, the capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) is the only reliable tool. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

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background_slider_blend_mode="" render_logics="" logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_top="" absolute_right="" absolute_bottom="" absolute_left="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" motion_effects="W10=" scroll_motion_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="false"][fusion_text awb-switch-editor-focus="" columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" disable_idd="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" html_attributes="W10=" width_medium="" width_small="" width="" min_width_medium="" min_width_small="" min_width="" max_width_medium="" max_width_small="" max_width="" margin_top_medium="" margin_right_medium="" margin_bottom_medium="" margin_left_medium="" margin_top_small="" margin_right_small="" margin_bottom_small="" margin_left_small="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" render_logics="" logics="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] Plasmids are small, typically ring-shaped, autonomously replicating, double-stranded DNA molecules found in bacteria and archaea. They exist as extrachromosomal genetic element. Nowadays, they play a crucial role as versatile gene vectors in molecular biology and biotechnology. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

FAQs – PlasmidFactory GmbH

April 2 | 2026
β-galactosidase
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April 2 | 2026
polyA
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April 2 | 2026
Vector plasmid (for AAV production)
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April 2 | 2026
Transgene
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April 2 | 2026
Special quality features
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April 2 | 2026
SCAR
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April 2 | 2026
S/MAR Elements
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April 2 | 2026
Retropackaging
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April 2 | 2026
Plasmid Topology
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April 2 | 2026
Plasmid DNA
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FAQs

β-galactosidase

polyA

Vector plasmid (for AAV production)

Transgene

Special quality features

SCAR

S/MAR Elements

Retropackaging

Plasmid Topology

Plasmid DNA